"LED Project" - hundreds of research laboratories, dozens of major international corporations, billions of investment.

"LED Project" - these are hundreds of research laboratories, dozens of large international corporations, billions of investments. This is an unprecedented phenomenon, even for the dynamic world of electronics.
This is not simply the next technical achievement - this is a radical change in a substantial part of the human environment, its light, colour and comfort.
The miniature and seemingly simple chip of the white light emitting diode has concentrated the latest achievements in physics, nanotechnologies and microelectronics and constitutes a complex structure of semiconductor layers and luminophores.

What is the LED? This is a semiconductor diode the operation of which is based on p-n transition. Simply put, these are two connected semiconductors with different types of conductivity. One of the semiconductors has a surplus of electrons (n-type), and the other – a surplus of “holes” (p-type).
When the n-element in such diode is connected to the plus of the power source, current starts flowing. Today the development of integral technology allows a crystal to form a large number of such p-n junctions.
For example, computer processors can contain not one, but tens of millions of such junctions.
The most interesting process is in effect after the current starts to flow through the diode. This is when recombination of the charge carrier commences. In short, this means that electrons with negative charge seek to take place where ions with positive charge are located in the crystal lattice of the semiconductor. When a “hole” and electron meet, there is a brief burst of energy and a photon (particle of light) is emitted. This produces the continuous glow used in LEDs. When light is not formed, energy is transformed into heat which starts to heat the semiconductor. There are more than five types of recombinations.